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Parallel Thermal Resistance in composite walls (conduction)

Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow. Thermal resistance ... more

Radial Thermal Resistance in composite walls (conduction)

Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow. Thermal resistance ... more

Absolute thermal resistance (across the length of the material)

Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow. Absolute thermal ... more

Thermal Conductivity - heat flow rate

In physics, thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat. It is evaluated primarily in terms of ... more

NPN bipolar transistor (Ebers–Moll model)

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of ... more

Solar cell - current delivered by the illuminated diode

Operation of a solar cell can be understood from the equivalent circuit at right. Light, of sufficient energy (greater than the bandgap of the material), ... more

Shockley diode equation (in real transistors)

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one ... more

Shockley diode equation (small forward bias voltages)

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one ... more

NPN bipolar transistor ( Early Effect)

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of ... more

Rayleigh number (for geophysical applications - related to bottom heating of the mantle from the core)

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more

Rayleigh number (for a uniform wall heating flux)

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more

Rayleigh number (for geophysical applications)

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more

Heat transfer coefficient of pipe wall (using inner/outer diameter)

Heat transfer describes the exchange of thermal energy, between physical systems depending on the temperature and pressure, by dissipating heat. The heat ... more

Shockley ideal diode equation

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one ... more

Hot Air Balloon Lift

The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying flight technology. The first hot-air balloon flown in the United States was launched from the ... more

Central processing unit power consumption

Central processing unit power dissipation or CPU power dissipation is the process in which central processing units (CPUs) ... more

Concentric tube heat exchanger - Overall Heat Transfer coefficient

Concentric Tube (or Pipe) Heat Exchangers are used in a variety of industries for purposes such as material processing, food preparation, and ... more

Biot number

The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. Gives a simple index of the ratio of the heat transfer resistances ... more

Time to reach specific temperature (related to Biot and Fourier numbers)

The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. Gives a simple index of the ratio of the heat transfer resistances ... more

Heat flux (Advection)

Heat transfer describes the exchange of thermal energy, between physical systems depending on the temperature and pressure, by dissipating heat. The ... more

R-value (insulation)

In building and construction,the R-value is a measure of how well an object, per unit of its exposed area, resists conductive flow of heat: the greater the ... more

Thermal energy of an ideal gas

Thermal energy is a term sometimes used to refer to the internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium by virtue of its ... more

Biot number (mass transfer)

The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. Gives a simple index of the ratio of the heat transfer resistances ... more

Thermal de Broglie wavelength (Massive Particles)

The thermal de Broglie wavelength is the average de Broglie wavelength of the gas particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature. We can take the ... more

Density ( temperature dependence)

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The density of a material varies with temperature ... more

Transistor regulator ( Rv providing a bias current)

In the simplest case a common collector transistor (emitter follower) is used with the base of the regulating transistor connected directly to the voltage ... more

Thermal de Broglie wavelength (Massless particles)

The thermal de Broglie wavelength is the average de Broglie wavelength of the gas particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature. We can take the ... more

Joule's first law

Joule heating , is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor releases heat. Joule heating is depending on the resistance ... more

Rayleigh Number

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy driven flow (also known as free convection or ... more

Heat Conduction - Energy

Heat conduction (or thermal conduction) is the transfer of internal energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a ... more

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