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The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant ... more
When a force is applied on a spring, and the length of the spring changes by a differential amount dx, the work done is Fdx. For linear elastic springs, ... more
The Knudsen number (Kn) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the molecular mean free path length to a representative physical length scale. ... more
In science, buckling is a mathematical instability that leads to a failure mode.
When a structure is subjected to compressive stress, buckling may ... more
If a mole of ions goes into solution the charge through the external circuit depends on the number of moles or ions and the “Faraday constant” ... more
Assuming a single, well-mixed, homogeneous fluid and a single acceleration due to gravity (both are good assumptions in natural rivers, and the second is a ... more
In mathematics, a magic hypercube is the k-dimensional generalization of magic squares, magic cubes and magic tesseracts; that is, a number of integers ... more
The particle in a box model describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. the results of the quantum particle in ... more
The degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte is proportional to the inverse square root of the concentration, or the square root of the dilution
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