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In optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation whose transverse electric field and intensity (irradiance) distributions are well ... more

Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a geodetic datum. The hydraulic gradient is a vector gradient between ... more

Time-domain reflectometry or TDR is a measurement technique used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by ... more

For flow in a pipe or a sphere moving in a fluid the internal diameter is generally used today. Other shapes such as rectangular pipes or non-spherical ... more

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides (or edges) and four vertices or corners. The interior angles of a simple (and planar) quadrilateral add up to ... more

An ebullioscope (from the Latin ēbullīre is an instrument for measuring the boiling point of a liquid. This can be used for determining the alcoholic ... more

Perpendicular axis theorem (or plane figure theorem) can be used to determine the moment of inertia of a rigid object that lies entirely within a plane, ... more

A circle can be defined as the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant. In an x–y Cartesian coordinate ... more

Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points.When two solid surfaces are brought into close ... more

A bivariate (two variable) quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial which describes a quadratic surface and has the form: f(x,y)=Ax^2 + By^2 + Cx + ... more