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n geometry, Descartes’ theorem states that for every four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles, the radii of the circles satisfy a certain quadratic ... more

The safety of a horizontal curve is affected by the length of the curve, the curve radius, whether spiral transition curves are used, and the ... more

In geometry, the conic constant (or Schwarzschild constant, after Karl Schwarzschild) is a quantity describing conic sections, and is represented by the ... more

In finance, the capital asset pricing model is used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, if that asset is to be ... more

The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is ... more

Bolted joints are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. They consist of fasteners that capture and join other parts, and are ... more

A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth ... more

The cost of capital is a term used in the field of financial investment to refer to the cost of a company’s funds (both debt and equity). Equity is ... more

In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an ... more

Many agencies and organizations (such as aerospace) define the margin of safety (MoS or M.S.) including the design factor, in other words, the margin of ... more