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Rayleigh scattering (pronounced /ˈreɪli/ RAY-lee), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic ... more

In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its ... more

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant ... more

Is a measure that describes tthe “tailedness” of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Particles logarithmic mean size ... more

In probability theory, a probability distribution assigns a probability to each measurable subset of the possible outcomes of a random experiment, survey, ... more

In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis is any measure of the “tailedness” of the probability distribution of a real-valued random ... more

Assuming a single, well-mixed, homogeneous fluid and a single acceleration due to gravity (both are good assumptions in natural rivers, and the second is a ... more

Shows how much variation or dispersion from the average exists. Logarithmic mean size (1st moment) needs to be precalculated.

In signal processing, control theory, electronics, and mathematics, overshoot is the occurrence of a signal or function exceeding its target. It arises ... more

is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as ... more