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For flow in a pipe or a sphere moving in a fluid the internal diameter is generally used today. Other shapes such as rectangular pipes or non-spherical ... more

The Manning formula is also known as the Gauckler–Manning formula, or Gauckler–Manning–Strickler formula in Europe. In the United States, in practice, it ... more

The surface of a right regular pyramid can be calculated by the area and the perimeter of the base and the slant height

Often during their use, heat exchangers collect a layer of fouling on the surface which, in addition to potentially contaminating a stream, reduces the ... more

A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape. The word comes from the Greek peri (around) and meter (measure). The term may be used either ... more

A regular polygon is a polygon that is equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may ... more

An equilateral polygon is a polygon which has all sides of the same length. A perimeter of an equilateral polygon is a path that surrounds it in two ... more

A rectangle is any quadrilateral with four right angles. A convex quadrilateral is a rectangle if and only if it is any one of the following:
an ... more

A rhombus is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral all of whose four sides have the same length. A perimeter of a rhombus is a path that surrounds ... more

A square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, or right angles). A perimeter of a ... more

In trigonometry, the law of cotangents is a relationship among the lengths of the sides of a triangle and the cotangents of the halves of the three angles. ... more

The area of a regular inscribed n-gon (polygon) can be computed in terms of the radius R of its circumscribed circle and its perimeter p

Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a geodetic datum.
In any real moving fluid, energy is dissipated ... more

The area of a regular circumscribed polygon can be computed by the radius r of its inscribed circle and its perimeter p

Circular arc is a segment of a circle. A circular sector or circle sector is the portion of a disk enclosed by two radii and an arc, where the smaller area ... more

In geometry, a deltoid, also known as a tricuspoid or Steiner curve, is a hypocycloid of three cusps. In other words, it is the roulette created by a point ... more

In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It describes how much more massive the vehicle is with propellant than ... more

An astroid is a particular mathematical curve: a hypocycloid with four cusps. The astroid is a real locus of a plane algebraic curve of genus zero. The ... more

In orbital mechanics, Kepler’s equation relates various geometric properties of the orbit of a body subject to a central force.

It was first ... more

Given a simple polygon constructed on a grid of equal-distanced points (i.e., points with integer coordinates) such that all the polygon’s vertices ... more

In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio, or L/D ratio, is the amount of lift generated by a wing or vehicle, divided by the drag it creates by moving ... more

Bulk density is a property of powders, granules, and other “divided” solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), ... more

In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also ... more

A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape.The perimeter of a circle or ellipse is called its circumference. A circle can be defined as ... more

In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio, or L/D ratio, is the amount of lift generated by a wing or vehicle, divided by the drag it creates by moving ... more

A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape.The perimeter of a circle or ellipse is called its circumference. A circle can be defined as ... more

The lapse rate is defined as the rate at which atmospheric temperature decreases with increase in altitude. The terminology arises from the word lapse in ... more

Henry’s law states : “At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly ... more

Rhombus is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length. The can be calculated by the semi perimeter and the ... more

An ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and ... more