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The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant ... more

Electrons in atoms orbit the nucleus. The electrons can only orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits (called by Bohr the “stationary ... more

Circular arc is a segment of a circle, or of its circumference (boundary) if the circle is considered to be a disc. Central angle is an angle whose apex ... more

In physics, mass–energy equivalence states that anything having mass has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa, with these fundamental quantities ... more

A right triangle (American English) or right-angled triangle (British English) is a triangle in which one angle is a right angle (that is, a 90-degree ... more

Circular arc is a segment of a circle. A circular sector or circle sector is the portion of a disk enclosed by two radii and an arc, where the smaller area ... more

A spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere cut off by a plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere, so that the height of ... more

An oloid is a three-dimensional curved geometric object that was discovered by Paul Schatz in 1929. It is the convex hull of a skeletal frame made by ... more

Marconi’s law is the relation between height of antennas and maximum signaling distance of radio transmissions. Guglielmo Marconi enunciated at one ... more

The Heronian mean of two non-negative real numbers is a weighted mean of their arithmetic and geometric means.The weighted mean is similar to an ... more