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Albedo - pure number

For many applications involving terrestrial albedo, the albedo at a particular solar zenith angle θi can reasonably be approximated by the formula ... more

Solute flux (Forward osmosis)

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that, like reverse osmosis (RO), uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved ... more

Boundary layer thickness (For laminar boundary layers over a flat plate)

The boundary layer thickness is the distance across a boundary layer from the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached (99%)the ... more

Friction Loss (laminar flow)

In fluid flow, friction loss (or skin friction) is the loss of pressure or “head” that occurs in pipe or duct flow due to the effect of the fluid’s ... more

Magnetic Reynolds number (relationship to eddy current braking)

The dimensionless magnetic Reynolds number, is also used in cases where there is no physical fluid involved.

The magnetic Reynolds number is the ... more

Hedstrom number

The Hedstrom number is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics.

... more

Reynolds number - Flow in a pipe with mass flow rate

For flow in a pipe or tube, the Reynolds number is generally defined as presented here.

For shapes such as squares, rectangular or annular ducts ... more

Stanton Number

The Stanton number, St, is a dimensionless number that measures the ratio of heat transferred into a fluid to the thermal capacity of fluid. The Stanton ... more

Properties of concrete - modulus of elasticity

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength. As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost ... more

Heat-affected zone - heat input for arc welding

The cross-section of a welded butt joint, with the darkest gray representing the weld or fusion zone, the medium gray the heat affected zone, and the ... more

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