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Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is an intrinsic property that quantifies how ... more

Borda–Carnot equation is an empirical description of the mechanical energy losses of the fluid due to a (sudden) flow expansion. It describes how the total ... more

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat that is added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting ... more

The Shields parameter, also called the Shields criterion or Shields number, is a nondimensional number used to calculate the initiation of motion of ... more

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature through heat transfer. For a solid, we can ignore ... more

Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to a radio ... more

In classical electromagnetism, polarization density is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a ... more

Longitudinal waves, are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of travel of ... more

Sphericity is a measure of how spherical (round) an object is. The sphericity of a sphere is 1 and, by the isoperimetric inequality, any particle which is ... more

Archimedes’ principle states that “Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the ... more