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The formula is a special case of general Faulhaber’s formula and gives the sum of natural consecutive numbers raised to the fourth power,(starting ... more

The arithmetic mean (or simply “mean”) of a sample x1,x2,.x3, ... xn is the sum of the sampled values divided by the number of items in the ... more

Hartmann number (Ha) is the ratio of electromagnetic force to the viscous force first introduced by Hartmann.

Aperture is a “hole” or an opening through which light travels. The aperture of an optical system is the opening that determines the cone angle ... more

In dimensional analysis, the Strouhal number (St) is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. The parameter is named after Vincenc ... more

In fluid mechanics, Mach number (M or Ma) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of speed of an object moving through a fluid and the local ... more

he Bagnold number (Ba) is the ratio of grain collision stresses to viscous fluid stresses in a granular flow with interstitial Newtonian fluid, first ... more

An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to ... more

Chladni’s law, named after Ernst Chladni, relates the frequency of modes of vibration for flat circular surfaces with fixed center as a function of ... more

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more