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Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more

In heat transfer and fluid dynamics, the film temperature is an approximation to the temperature of a fluid inside a convection boundary layer. It is ... more

The Van 't Hoff equation in chemical thermodynamics relates the change in the equilibrium constant, Keq, of a chemical equilibrium to the change in ... more

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The density of a material varies with temperature ... more

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the ... more

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy driven flow (also known as free convection or ... more

In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables normalized by the fluid’s state properties at its critical point. ... more

The heat flow can be modelled by analogy to an electrical circuit where heat flow is represented by current, temperatures are represented by voltages, heat ... more

Dividing the luminosity of a star by the luminosity of the Sun (also know as a solar luminosity) and cancelling constants, we obtain a relationship related ... more

Convection-cooling is sometimes called “Newton’s law of cooling” in cases where the heat transfer coefficient is independent or ... more