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n atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in ... more

The electrons can only orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits at a certain discrete set of distances from the nucleus. These orbits are ... more

The photoacoustic Doppler effect is one specific kind of Doppler effect, which occurs when an intensity modulated light wave induces a photoacoustic wave ... more

The Prandtl number (Pr) or Prandtl group is a dimensionless number, named after the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl, defined as the ratio of momentum ... more

In accounting and finance, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), is a measure of a firm’s profit that includes all ... more

In finance, leverage is a general term for any technique to multiply gains and losses. Operating leverage is an attempt to estimate the percentage change ... more

Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. ... more

Albedo (/ælˈbiːdoʊ/), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo “whiteness” (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus ... more

In radiometry, radiant exitance is the radiant flux emitted by a surface per unit area, and spectral exitance is the radiant exitance of a surface per unit ... more

The logarithmic mean temperature difference (also known as log mean temperature difference or simply by its initialism LMTD) is ... more