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In respiratory physiology, airway resistance is the resistance of the respiratory tract to airflow during inspiration and expiration. In fluid dynamics, ... more
The wetted perimeter is the perimeter of the cross sectional area that is “wet”. The term wetted perimeter is common in civil engineering, ... more
Offsets are vertical distances from the initial tangent to the curve, play a significant role in vertical curve design.
Vertical Curves are the ... more
A banked turn (aka. banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. For a ... more
Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axis-symmetric work-absorbing turbo-machinery.The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric ... more
For flow in a pipe or tube, the Reynolds number is generally defined as presented here.
For shapes such as squares, rectangular or annular ducts ... more
The allowable radius for a horizontal curve can then be determined by knowing the intended design velocity, the coefficient of friction, and the allowed ... more
Although an exact analytical solution of the Buckingham-Reiner equation can be obtained because it is a fourth order polynomial equation in f, due to ... more
Bernoulli’s equation states that for an incompressible, frictionless fluid, the above mentioned sum is constant. If we follow a small volume of fluid along ... more
By definition, hydraulic conductivity is the ratio of velocity to hydraulic gradient indicating permeability of porous media.
Civil engineers ... more
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