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Informally, a permutation of a set of objects is an arrangement of those objects into a particular order. The notion of permutation relates to the act of ... more

In probability theory, a probability distribution assigns a probability to each measurable subset of the possible outcomes of a random experiment, survey, ... more

The mass number (A), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an ... more

Auger electron spectroscopy is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials ... more

An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to ... more

A lens is a transmissive optical device which affects the focusing of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of ... more

Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is, the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of its pressure (if gas) or ... more

Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is, the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of its pressure (if gas) or ... more

A quantity is said to be subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its value. If the decaying quantity, N(t), is the number of ... more

Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. Any object that can be electrically charged exhibits capacitance. The capacitance is a ... more