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Time of flight (TOF) describes a variety of methods that measure the time that it takes for an object, particle or acoustic, ... more
Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that, like reverse osmosis (RO), uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved ... more
If a mole of ions goes into solution the charge through the external circuit depends on the number of moles or ions and the “Faraday constant” ... more
The Daniell cell is a type of electrochemical cell consisted of a copper pot filled with a copper sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed ... more
A Helmholtz coil is a device for producing a region of nearly uniform magnetic field. It consists of two identical solenoid electromagnets on the same ... more
The refractive index or index of refraction of a substance is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through ... more
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned ... more
When an electromagnetic wave travels through a medium in which it gets attenuated (this is called an “opaque” or “attenuating” ... more
Electrical mobility is the ability of charged particles (such as electrons or protons) to move through a medium in response to an electric field that is ... more
The gyroradius (also known as radius of gyration, Larmor radius or cyclotron radius) is the radius of the circular motion of a charged particle in the ... more
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