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Standard normal distribution (probability density function when μ=0 and σ^2 = 1/2π)

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution—a function that tells the ... more

Electric flux (in a uniform field)

Electric flux is the rate of flow of the electric field through a given area. Electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field lines going ... more

Ratio between two power quantities expressed in decibels

The decibel is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values of a physical quantity. The bel represents a ratio between two power ... more

Brinell scale ( using the SI units)

The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It ... more

Thermal de Broglie wavelength (Massive Particles)

The thermal de Broglie wavelength is the average de Broglie wavelength of the gas particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature. We can take the ... more

Gravitational wave - Binaries (Orbital lifetime)

Gravitational waves are disturbances in the curvature (fabric) of spacetime, generated by accelerated masses, that propagate as waves outward from their ... more

Margin of safety for failure load (measure of requirement verification)

Many agencies and organizations (such as aerospace) define the margin of safety (MoS or M.S.) including the design factor, in other words, the margin of ... more

Security market line (SML)

Security market line (SML) is the representation of the capital asset pricing model. It displays the expected rate of return of ... more

Radiation Pressure by Absorption (using classical electromagnetism: waves)

Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Radiation pressure implies an interaction between ... more

Noise Factor

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a ... more

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