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The basic principle of the Vickers hardness test, as with all common measures of hardness, is to observe the questioned material’s ability to resist ... more

The superformula is a generalization of the superellipse and was first proposed by Johan Gielis in 2003. Gielis suggested that the formula can be used to ... more

Shear stress,is defined as the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. The average shear stress is force per unit area. Beam shear is ... more

The resistance to the flow of heat by the material of pipe wall can be expressed as a “heat transfer coefficient of the pipe wall”. However, ... more

A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually ... more

In structural engineering, a structure is a body or combination of pieces of rigid bodies in space to form a fitness system for supporting loads. ... more

Trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every single value of the occurring variables. Geometrically, ... more

Trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every single value of the occurring variables. Geometrically, ... more

Rayleigh scattering (pronounced /ˈreɪli/ RAY-lee), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic ... more

Hooke’s law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.The stresses and strains ... more