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Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more
In science, buckling is a mathematical instability that leads to a failure mode.
When a structure is subjected to compressive stress, buckling may ... more
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer’s beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity ... more
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer’s beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity ... more
Gyration is a rotation in a discrete subgroup of symmetries of the Euclidean plane such that the subgroup does not also contain a reflection symmetry whose ... more
A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually ... more
In a fluid at rest, all frictional stresses vanish and the state of stress of the system is called hydrostatic.For water and other liquids, this integral ... more
Gravity gradiometry is the study and measurement of variations in the acceleration due to gravity. The gravity gradient is the spatial rate of change of ... more
If a tube is sufficiently narrow and the liquid adhesion to its walls is sufficiently strong, surface tension can draw liquid up the tube in a phenomenon ... more
An I-beam, also known as H-beam, W-beam (for “wide flange”), Universal Beam (UB), Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ), or ... more
Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and ... more
Young’s modulus, also known as the Tensile modulus or elastic modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic isotropic material and is a ... more
In engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle or a distance.
The angle of
... more
Elastic energy is the potential mechanical energy stored in the configuration of a material or physical system as work is performed to distort its volume ... more
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each ... more
In engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle or a distance.
The angle of
... more
Strategy
The force is equal to the weight supported:
and the cross-sectional area of the upper leg bone(femur) is:
To find the change in length we use the Young’s modulus formula. The Young’s modulus reference value for a bone under compression is known to be 9×109 N/m2. Now,all quantities except ΔL are known. Thus:
Discussion
This small change in length seems reasonable, consistent with our experience that bones are rigid. In fact, even the rather large forces encountered during strenuous physical activity do not compress or bend bones by large amounts. Although bone is rigid compared with fat or muscle, several of the substances listed in Table 5.3(see reference below) have larger values of Young’s modulus Y . In other words, they are more rigid.
Reference:
This worksheet is a modified version of Example 5.4 page 188 found in :
OpenStax College,College Physics. OpenStax College. 21 June 2012.
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
Creative Commons License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
An I-beam, also known as H-beam, W-beam (for “wide flange”), Universal Beam (UB), Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ), or ... more
The wafer bond characterization is based on different methods and tests. Wafer bonds are commonly characterized by three important encapsulation ... more
Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength. As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost ... more
Vertical pressure variation is the variation in pressure as a function of elevation. The vertical variation is especially significant, as it results from ... more
In solid mechanics, in the field of rotordynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating ... more
The stiffness of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation.
Tension describes the pulling force exerted by each
... more
Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid ... more
Stiffness is the rigidity of an object — the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force. In general, stiffness is not the same ... more
Elastic deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load.
The deflection, at the free end, of a cantilevered beam
... more
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Calculate the change in length of the upper leg bone (the femur) when a 70.0 kg man supports 62.0 kg of his mass on it, assuming the bone to be equivalent to a uniform rod that is 45.0 cm long and 2.00 cm in radius.