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Water hammer (pressure surge)

Water hammer (or, more generally, fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid (usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas) in motion is ... more

Speed of Sound (air, ideal gases) - relative to molar mass

The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. The SI unit of the speed of sound is the ... more

Buoyant force (Archimedes' principle)

Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. Buoyant force equivalent to the weight of the fluid that ... more

Darcy Weisbach equation (head loss)

In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is a phenomenological equation, which relates the head loss — or pressure loss — due to friction along a ... more

Reynolds number - Flow in a pipe with mass flow rate

For flow in a pipe or tube, the Reynolds number is generally defined as presented here.

For shapes such as squares, rectangular or annular ducts ... more

Square wave (frequency)

A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform (which can be represented as an infinite summation of sinusoidal waves), in which the amplitude ... more

Bernoulli’s Equation (conservation of energy)

Bernoulli’s equation states that for an incompressible, frictionless fluid, the above mentioned sum is constant. If we follow a small volume of fluid along ... more

Terminal velocity (under buoyancy force)

The terminal velocity of a falling object is the velocity of the object when the sum of the drag force and buoyancy equals the downward force of gravity ... more

Channel bed pressure (at the bed of an open channel)

The depth–slope product is used to calculate the shear stress at the bed of an open channel containing fluid that is undergoing steady, uniform flow. The ... more

Shear stress (acting on the bed of a channel)

For a channel that is at an angle a from horizontal, the shear component of the stress acting on the bed , which is the component acting ... more

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