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a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed. A random ... more

In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The parameterization with k ... more

In statistics and probability theory, the median is the numerical value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability ... more

Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions. Ionization can ... more

In physics, particularly statistical mechanics, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution or Maxwell speed distribution describes particle speeds in idealized ... more

In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The parameterization with α ... more

Albedo (/ælˈbiːdoʊ/), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo “whiteness” (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus ... more

The Rydberg formula is used in atomic physics to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements. It was formulated by the Swedish ... more

In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized ... more

The Black–Scholes /ˌblæk ˈʃoʊlz/ or Black–Scholes–Merton model is a mathematical model of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. ... more